Abstract: This study sought to answer the question of what are the causes of marital infidelity in the Iranian family. To Answer the Research Question, Qualitative Meta-Synthesis (QMS) Method Were Used. Then, 78 Scientific Papers Which Were Considered Marital Infidelity in Iran were identified and were Analyzed. The results showed that the Factors of infidelity in Iran can be classified into 9 main categories, including: 1. Social Factors, 2. Psychological Factors, 3. Cultural Factors, 4. Family Factors, 5. Personal Factors, 6. Relational Factors, 7. Economic Factors, 8. Media Factors, 9. Contextual Factors. Each of the main Categories is divided into Different Subcategories. The Social Factors of infidelity were including “Infidelity Opportunities”, “Friend groups” and “Environmental Conditions”. Psychological Factors of Infidelity Were Including “Personality Type”, “Attachment Styles”, and their “Love Schema”. Cultural Factors have Pointed to “Change in Beliefs and values” and “the level of Religious Education” of people. The Family Factors were including “Inappropriate Marriage”, “Family Conflict” and “the Kind of Family Background of people”. The Personal Factors are “Sexual Dissatisfaction”, “Emotional Dissatisfaction”, “the Feeling of Loneliness”, “the Spouse Unavailability”, “Weakness in Controlling Spouse”, “Domestic Violence”, “Revenge of the Spouse” and “the Role of the Third Person in the Relationship”. The Economic Factors are including “the Economic Status of the person”, “the Role of Economic Problems”, “the motivation of entering into infidelity under the Pretext of Job promotion”. The media Factors Were Emphasized on “weakening Iranian Values through Social Media Networks and Foreign Satellite Channels” and “Producing of New Needs by Media”. Finally, the Contextual Factors were including the Role of “Age” and “Gender” in the Infidelity. Findings showed that Infidelity Occurred in the group of men and youth in Iran, more than other Social Groups.

زمان همواره مورد توجه نظریه پردازان معماری و شهرسازی بوده، اما بررسی ها در این زمینه با تأکید بر جنبه های زیبایی-شناختی صورت گرفته است. در حالی که بی توجهی به تأثیر آن بر حضورپذیری فضاهای شهری سبب شده که انسان امروزی، تحت تأثیر ادراک ضرب آهنگ تند کلان شهرها، تمایلی برای حضور در فضاهای شهری را نداشته باشد و به دنبال آن از تعامل کامل با محیط و سایر انسان ها در قالب برخوردهای از پیش تعیین نشده بازبماند. در این پژوهش مؤلفه های مؤثر بر حضورپذیری فضاهای شهری در بعد زمانْ شناسایی و در بستر محلة حسین آباد اصفهان ارزیابی شده است. در طول پژوهش از روش های ریتم-آنالیز، تحلیل چیدمان فضایی، برداشت میدانی، و مصاحبه بهره گرفته شده است. نتایج بررسی ها نشان می دهد که فقدان تنوع و پیچیدگی در ساختار فضایی و فعالیتی، مدیریت زمانی نادرست، و منظر بصری خسته کنندهْ سبب کاهش حضورپذیری فضاهای عمومی محله شده است.

1هدف از این پژوهش بررسی عوامل موثر بر شکل گیری مدارس پیشرو می باشد، تا در آموزش و پرورش ایران مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. برای این منظور ابتدا با توجه به پیشینه تحقیق و مبانی نظری چهارچوب مفهومی در زمینه مولفه های یک مدرسه کارآمد و پیشرو ارایه گردید. این تحقیق از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی وتوسعه ای وروش آن ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع، از ﻧﻮع ترکیبی، و ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ روﺷﻬﺎی کمی و کیفی می باشد.. جامعه آماری این پژوهش، شامل کلیه مدیران و دبیران شاغل  در مدارس منطقه 15 و 16 شهر تهران می باشد.طبق اطلاعات بدست آمده جامعه آماری حدود 3000  نفرمی باشد. حجم نمونه با استفاده از جدول مورگان 344 نفر برآورد شده است. برای نمونه گیری در این پژوهش از روش نمونه گیری طبقه ای استفاده شد،که 84 نفر از مدیران و 260 نفر از دبیران در مطالعه حاضر، شرکت کرده اند. ابزار این پژوهش پرسشنامه محقق ساخته می باشد. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها و پاسخ به سؤال های پژوهش، از آزمون ضریب همبستگی و تحلیل عاملی  استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان دادند که مولفه های مدیریت ورهبری، عوامل پژوهشی، عوامل آموزشی، منابع انسانی، بودجه و زیرساخت ها، فناوری و تجهیزات به عنوان مولفه های اصلی شکل گیری مدارس پیشرو می باشند که مولفه عوامل آموزشی بیشترین سهم را دارد.

Identifying the constraining Factors of production and yield gap is very important. Therefore; this research was performed to identify the production constraining Factors of local rice cultivars. All management practices from nursery preparation to harvesting stages for 100 paddy fields of local rice cultivars were recorded through field studies, in Sari, from 2015-2016. In the CPA, the actual and calculated potential yield were 4495 and 5703 kg/ha, respectively and the gap was 1221 kg/ha. The yield gap caused by number of top-dressing variables was 324 kg/ha, equal to 27% of the total yield gap. The yield gap related to previous year of legumes cultivation was 218 kg ha-1, equal to 18% of the total yield variation. Among the 10 variables entered in the CPA model, the effects of top-dress fertilizer application and its application frequency and foliar application were remarkable, which could compensate a significant part of the yield gap (444 kg/ha, 37% of total) in the farmers’ fields by managing these variables. According to boundary line analysis (BLA) finding, actual yield mean on the basis of optimal limit related to 12 variables under study was 5369 kg/ha, with 881 kg/ha yield gap . Mean relative yield and relative yield gap for 12 variables (transplanting date, seedling age, number of seedlings per hill, planting density, nitrogen and phosphorous per hectare, nitrogen before transplanting, harvesting date, lodging problem, pest problem, diseases problem and weeds problem) were 83.64 and 16.35 kg/ha, respectively. Based on the finding, it can be stated that the model precision is appropriate and can be applied for both estimation of the quantity of yield gap and determining the portion of each restricting yield variables.

ABSTRACT Considering the concept of quality of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise Understanding of the Factors affecting the quality of life. Therefore, according to the size of the city, different indicators should be considered to measure the quality of life. Thus, according to the main goal of the research, which is to recognize, identify and compile the Factors affecting the improvement of the quality of life in middle and small cities on an intra-provincial scale, Qazvin and Zia Abad cities in Qazvin province were selected as study samples. In order to achieve the goal of the research, exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis were exerted. The findings show that the homogenization of the indicators affecting the quality of life in all cities is incorrect. Some concepts, such as the size of the city, are effective in compiling and selecting the indicators affecting the quality of life. So, the indicators affecting the quality of life in each city can be different according to some concepts, such as the city's characteristics or the city's size. Examining study samples also shows that in small cities, social indicators are more important due to strong social solidarity among people and the high importance of social and cultural concepts. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts and urban services in people's lives and people's less communication with each other and the weakening of solidarity and social connections, indicators of urban services and facilities and economic Factors have the most importance in explaining the quality of life; this shows that the Quality of life indicators are different in all cities Extended Abstract Introduction Quality of life is a multifaceted and dynamic concept that can be different from city to city and region to region and can be defined by various indicators. Not paying attention to this issue and considering the concept of quality of life equally in all cities has caused the level of quality of life to decrease in many cities, especially middle and small cities, in recent years. On the other hand, considering the concept of quality of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise Understanding of the Factors affecting the quality of life. Following this, the main goal of this research is to identify, identify and compile effective Factors for improving the quality of life in middle and small cities on an intra-provincial scale. In order to achieve this goal, the cities of Qazvin and Zia Abad in Qazvin province were selected as study samples, so that according to the size of the city, in order to achieve the goal of the research, the Factors affecting the quality of life are analyzed on an intra-provincial scale.   Methodology The research method is applied research based on quantitative methods. In line with data analysis, after extracting 60 indicators of quality of life, first, the indicators were separated into separate and structured Factors using the exploratory factor analysis method in SPSS software. And then, step by step regression method was used to measure the effective Factors in improving the quality of life in cities.   Results and discussion The research findings show that based on exploratory factor analysis, 16 Factors were extracted in Zia Abad city and 15 Factors in Qazvin city as effective Factors on the quality of life in small and middle cities. In order to present and explain the Factors affecting the improvement of the quality of life in small and middle cities, the Factors extracted from the factor analysis were analyzed by multivariate regression method and step-by-step method. Furthermore, finally, (13) Factors were introduced in Zia   Abad and (13) Factors in Qazvin as the main Factors influencing the quality of life. The analysis of the findings indicates that in Zia Abad, Factors such as life expectancy and social relations, security, the state of urban services and access to urban facilities, living expenses, the state of urban furniture, urban traffic, the state of offices and housing have more effects in explaining and improving the quality of life. In Qazvin, Factors such as the state of urban services, the state of green and public spaces in the city, the state of security and economic opportunities in the city, the density and hope of urban, economic, and cultural life, the state of roads and leisure in the city are effective in explaining the quality of life. Following this, according to the above findings, quality of life is a multidimensional and dynamic concept that directly relates to the type of cities and the specific characteristics of cities. Therefore, the quality of life and its indicators can differ from city to city; because every city has its characteristics and characteristics with citizens with different cultures and thinking, which causes the Factors affecting the quality of life to be different. Therefore, considering the quality of life and its indicators to be the same in all cities is wrong, which can lead to the decline of the quality of life and the failure of quality of life improvement programs.   Conclusion Finally, the research results indicate that quality of life is a simple concept covering various urban life aspects. This concept can be defined as a determining factor in the excellence and progress of cities and residents' satisfaction with their urban life. It is multifaceted and dependent on place and time. As a result, the perception of people in different cities and communities about the concept of quality of life and the Factors affecting it can be different. Following this, Factors and indicators should be selected according to the characteristics and conditions of that city in urban planning to improve the quality of life for each city. Thus, this research, using the classification of cities based on the size of the city, has presented Factors specifically for middle and small cities, which in small cities due to strong social solidarity among people and the great importance of social and cultural concepts, social indicators are more important. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts and urban services in people's lives and people's less communication with each other and the weakening of solidarity and social connections, indicators of urban services and facilities and economic Factors have the most importance in explaining the quality of life; this shows that the quality of life indicators are different in all cities.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

موضوع ترجمه قرآن از مسائل بسیار مهم و حیاتی است که دقّت و ظرافت خاصّی را از جانب مترجم می طلبد. توجه به عوامل مؤثّر در ترجمه از قبیل، مفردات، ساختار صرفی و نحوی، نوع جملات و مهم تر از همه توجه به تفاوت ها و ظرافت هایی که در کارکردهای نحوی و بلاغی واژگان و ترکیب آن ها با کلمات دیگر وجود دارد، امری ضروری است، در این پژوهش که به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام شده، نگارنده کوشیده است، ضمن آسیب شناسی ترجمه های موجود، به بررسی دقیق کارکرد نحوی، بلاغی و تفاوت معنایی حروف شبیه به لیسَ با فعل لیسَ از جهت نوع، کیفیت نفی و کاربرد هریک پرداخته شود. نتایج به دست آمده، نشان داد که حروف شبیه به لیسَ، به ویژه دو کلمه " ما " و " إن" نسبت به فعل" لیس" از تاکید و شدّت بیشتری در نفی برخوردارند و جملات «لستُ علیکم بوکیل» و «ما أنا علیکم بوکیل» هر یک متناسب با موضوع قبل و میزان اهمیتی که داشته، انتخاب گردیده است که اوج بلاغت و فصاحت کلام وحی را نشان می دهد.

امروزه نگرش ریسک مدار به دلیل عطف توجه به مقدمات و مراحل قبل از وقوع جرایم جایگاه قابل توجهی در میان سیاست گذاران جنایی پیدا کرده است. این مهم درباره جرایم و تخلفات حادثه ساز رانندگی، با توجه به وضعیت های پیش جنایی منتهی به وقوع آنها، در مقررات فراملی و گزارش های جدید سازمان بهداشت جهانی با موضوع ایمنی حمل ونقل، منعکس و معیاری برای تبیین و قانون گذاری جامع در این راستا است. این تحقیق درصدد پاسخ به این سوال اساسی است که عوامل موثر ریسک مدار بر تدوین سیاست جنایی درخصوص حوادث رانندگی کدام است؟ پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی، از لحاظ روش اجرا، توصیفی-اسنادی بوده و جمع آوری اطلاعات در آن از طریق بررسی اسنادی و فیش برداری از منابع کتابخانه ای و مدارک پژوهشی فارسی و انگلیسی صورت گرفته است. به نظر می رسد که عمده مصادیق عوامل ریسک مدار به رفتارهای خودخواهانه بسیاری از رانندگان مرتبط است که سیاست جنایی ایران پاسخ های قانونی موثری در جهت کاهش ریسک این رفتارها از قبیل الزام به شرکت مجدد در آزمون های رانندگی صلاحیت بخش و دوره های آموزشی حقوق و تکالیف رانندگان اتخاذ نکرده است. باوجود این که قانون رسیدگی به جرایم و تخلفات رانندگی به برخی از یافته های ریسک مدار توجه کرده ولیکن بیشتر تمرکز آن پس از وقوع حوادث رانندگی است و در واقع به جای اتخاذ رویکرد پیش جنایی و توجه به الزامات و تدابیر پیش گیرانه، دارای رویکردی پساجنایی و واکنشی بوده و عوامل ریسک مدار موثر بر حوادث رانندگی در این قانون مغفول مانده است؛ لذا پیشنهاد می شود که سیاست جنایی تقنینی در این خصوص به صورت مدون و با تاکید بر عوامل ریسک مدار اصلاح شود.